2017世界大学专业排名(建筑学Architecture/BuiltEnvironment) | ||||||||
2017 | 2016 | Institution | Country | Academic | Employer | Citations | H | Score |
1 | 1 | Massachusetts InstituteofTechnology(MIT) | United States | 100.0 | 96.7 | 91.9 | 91.7 | 98.0 |
2 | 2 | The BartlettSchoolofArchitecture|UCL(UniversityCollegeLondon) | United Kingdom | 99.1 | 78.7 | 95.3 | 89.2 | 95.7 |
3 | 4 | Delft UniversityofTechnology | Netherlands | 91.8 | 87.9 | 89.0 | 100.0 | 92.0 |
4 | 3 | University ofCalifornia,Berkeley(UCB) | United States | 89.8 | 89.8 | 99.7 | 99.1 | 91.7 |
5 | 7 | ETH Zurich(SwissFederalInstituteofTechnology) | Switzerland | 92.2 | 74.7 | 92.2 | 85.2 | 89.8 |
6 | 10 | Manchester SchoolofArchitecture | United Kingdom | 87.6 | 96.7 | 94.0 | 86.6 | 89.1 |
7 | 5 | Harvard University | United States | 90.2 | 100.0 | 86.1 | 71.3 | 88.9 |
8 | 6 | University ofCambridge | United Kingdom | 86.3 | 98.5 | 92.2 | 80.6 | 87.5 |
9 | 9 | National UniversityofSingapore(NUS) | Singapore | 84.8 | 88.5 | 94.5 | 92.8 | 86.9 |
10 | 11 | University ofHongKong(HKU) | Hong Kong | 83.2 | 81.8 | 91.2 | 91.7 | 84.7 |
11 | 8 | Tsinghua University | China | 82.4 | 90.8 | 86.3 | 87.9 | 84.2 |
12 | 12 | Columbia University | United States | 82.7 | 80.8 | 89.4 | 80.6 | 83.0 |
13 | 14 | University ofCalifornia,LosAngeles(UCLA) | United States | 82.1 | 87.7 | 85.9 | 73.3 | 82.2 |
14 | 15 | Politecnico diMilano | Italy | 81.5 | 88.7 | 82.2 | 78.9 | 82.0 |
15= | 16 | The HongKongPolytechnicUniversity | Hong Kong | 78.4 | 69.3 | 96.9 | 100.0 | 81.5 |
15= | 17 | The UniversityofSydney | Australia | 78.4 | 76.6 | 94.4 | 95.0 | 81.5 |
17 | 13 | The UniversityofTokyo | Japan | 83.3 | 90.2 | 70.7 | 69.1 | 81.3 |
18 | 28 | Georgia InstituteofTechnology(GeorgiaTech) | United States | 78.8 | 67.2 | 92.7 | 93.9 | 80.5 |
19 | 18 | The UniversityofMelbourne | Australia | 79.3 | 74.1 | 90.3 | 83.7 | 80.3 |
20 | 22 | Tongji University | China | 78.5 | 84.2 | 76.0 | 91.7 | 80.1 |
21 | 20 | Cornell University | United States | 81.2 | 66.6 | 83.8 | 78.9 | 79.8 |
22 | 19 | The UniversityofNewSouthWales(UNSW) | Australia | 80.3 | 78.8 | 79.2 | 77.2 | 79.7 |
23= | 24 | KTH, RoyalInstituteofTechnology | Sweden | 76.8 | 71.4 | 89.0 | 89.2 | 78.7 |
23= | 23 | Stanford University | United States | 73.5 | 93.1 | 94.3 | 85.2 | 78.7 |
25 | 21 | Ecole PolytechniqueFédéraledeLausanne(EPFL) | Switzerland | 73.9 | 75.7 | 100.0 | 90.4 | 78.3 |
26 | 29= | Universitat PolitècnicadeCatalunya | Spain | 77.0 | 79.8 | 84.3 | 78.9 | 78.2 |
27 | 27 | University ofBritishColumbia | Canada | 75.4 | 76.1 | 94.0 | 82.2 | 78.0 |
28 | 36 | RMIT University | Australia | 77.9 | 79.3 | 78.9 | 69.1 | 77.3 |
29= | 32 | Princeton University | United States | 75.5 | 83.4 | 85.0 | 73.3 | 77.0 |
29= | 40 | Technische UniversitätMünchen | Germany | 76.5 | 76.8 | 81.9 | 75.3 | 77.0 |
31 | 37= | The UniversityofSheffield | United Kingdom | 75.6 | 58.0 | 93.7 | 87.9 | 76.9 |
32 | 25= | University ofPennsylvania | United States | 77.9 | 77.6 | 78.2 | 66.7 | 76.8 |
33 | 25= | University ofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign | United States | 75.8 | 64.1 | 86.5 | 83.7 | 76.5 |
34 | 31 | Seoul NationalUniversity(SNU) | South Korea | 74.2 | 88.8 | 79.4 | 69.1 | 75.7 |
35 | 37= | Universidade deSãoPaulo(USP) | Brazil | 75.3 | 75.7 | 82.6 | 69.1 | 75.5 |
36 | 46 | University ofSalford | United Kingdom | 72.8 | 78.5 | 86.6 | 77.2 | 75.2 |
37= | 42 | Kyoto University | Japan | 74.5 | 85.1 | 74.2 | 69.1 | 75.0 |
37= | 29= | Pontificia UniversidadCatólicadeChile | Chile | 73.1 | 80.1 | 80.7 | 77.2 | 75.0 |
39= | 35 | Cardiff University | United Kingdom | 73.8 | 64.1 | 93.4 | 75.3 | 74.9 |
39= | 33 | University ofToronto | Canada | 71.0 | 73.6 | 94.6 | 83.7 | 74.9 |
41 | 34 | University ofTexasatAustin | United States | 70.0 | 75.2 | 89.7 | 83.7 | 73.9 |
42 | 51-100 | Technische UniversitätBerlin | Germany | 76.8 | 59.4 | 74.2 | 66.7 | 73.8 |
43 | 45 | University ofMichigan | United States | 72.0 | 65.2 | 83.6 | 82.2 | 73.5 |
44 | 49 | Katholieke UniversiteitLeuven | Belgium | 69.0 | 67.6 | 94.9 | 85.2 | 73.1 |
45 | 47= | University ofNewcastle | Australia | 74.0 | 55.6 | 84.9 | 71.3 | 73.0 |
46 | 50 | Politecnico diTorino | Italy | 70.1 | 68.6 | 88.5 | 80.6 | 72.8 |
47= | 37= | Eindhoven UniversityofTechnology | Netherlands | 66.4 | 69.0 | 99.0 | 93.9 | 72.7 |
47= | Loughborough University | United Kingdom | 70.0 | 71.6 | 90.3 | 75.3 | 72.7 | |
49 | 43 | The UniversityofQueensland(UQ) | Australia | 70.1 | 71.8 | 85.8 | 77.2 | 72.6 |
50= | 51-100 | Politécnica deMadrid | Spain | 72.9 | 58.4 | 79.0 | 77.2 | 72.5 |
50= | 41 | Yale University | United States | 75.0 | 89.2 | 62.9 | 47.5 | 72.5 |
毕业生应获得以下几方面的知识和能力:
l.具有较扎实的自然科学基础、较好的人文社会科学基础和外语语言综合能力;
2.掌握建筑设计的基本原理和方法,具有独立进行建筑设计和用多种方式表达设计意图的能力以及具有初步的计算机文字、图形、数据的处理能力;
3.了解中外建筑历史的发展规律,掌握人的生理、心理、行为与建筑环境的关系,与建筑有关的经济知识、社会文化习俗、法律与法规的基本知识,以及建筑边缘学科与交叉学科的相关知识;
4.初步掌握建筑结构及建筑设备体系与建筑的安全、经济、适用、美观的关系的基本知识,建筑构造的原理与方法,常用建筑材料及新材料的性能。具有合理选用和一定的综合应用能力,并具有一定的多工种间组织协调能力;
5.具有项目前期策划、建筑设计方案和建筑施工图绘制的能力,具有建筑美学的修养。
学习美术目的
建筑学专业学习美术的目的并不是为了培养画家,而是为了培养学生对形体和空间的感受能力,及感受后的表达能力、眼脑手的协调能力。同时对学生的基本功进行塑造。
加试目的
入学加试的目的主要有两个。最主要的,是在于了解新生的手绘情况及制定相应的教学方案和计划;另一目的在于检验新生中是否存着具有先天缺陷而导致无法顺利攻读的个例,例如色盲、厌学、无空间想象力等。加试的目的并非一定要淘汰某些新生,绝大多数高校通常是全员通过。
由于建筑学是工程与艺术的结合,存在极个别的新生对绘图和设计非常抵触,通常这类新生可以在此加试阶段主动提出转专业申请,便可顺利进入由学生自行选定的土建类其他专业,如土木工程、建筑环境与设备工程、给水排水工程等非设计类专业(城市规划、景观、园林等不可)。
加试方法通常为静物素描写生,考试时间两小时。主要注意有两点,第一点,考试的重点在于结构素描,因此要将静物的形体结构表现出来,对调子通常无要求;第二点则是透视关系,即:对近大远小、近实远虚的把握。
有些高校也可能会考察速写等,但通常只作为参考。
许多考生担心没有美术基础而被入学后调剂到其他专业,事实上入学考试非常简单,对学生的美术基础要求较低。80%以上的新生从未有过美术基础,因此在高考后报名一个为期两周左右的美术班进行结构素描练习是较好的选择。